5 Principles of Landscaping Design that you need to know
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The principles of landscape design, namely proportion, order, repetition and unity, are the fundamental concepts of composition that professionals use to plan all kinds of open spaces. Homes, parks, golf courses, businesses and countless other organizations benefit from the artistic and practical application of these principles. You can learn from them too.
Proportion
In landscaping, proportion is the size relationship of the plants, hardscaping, buildings and other landscaping pieces to one another and to human scale. Tiny foundation plants in front of a substantial home entrance will be visually lost, but a century-old oak tree might obscure the house completely. The idea is to step back and consider how the various elements appear and work as a whole. For better proportion, install larger foundation plants and prune the oak.
Golden Ratio
In practical terms, the “divine proportion” or “golden ratio” has played a key role in design since the Egyptians built the pyramids. It states that the ratio of the short side to the long side should be equal to the ratio of the long side to the sum of both sides (a/b=b/a+b), or about 1:1.6 (for example 5 x 8, 10 x 16 or 15 x 24). Humans find this spatial arrangement pleasing. Consider using it to lay out horizontal spaces like lawns or vertical elements like gateways.
Significant Enclosure
Using the correct proportion also helps define a “garden room” or landscape enclosure such as a swimming pool deck or children’s play area. The rule of significant enclosure tells us that the vertical edge, such as a hedge or decorative fence, should be at least one-third the length of the horizontal space. So, plan on bordering your 24-foot wide patio with an eight-foot-tall hedge for a cozy effect.
Order
The principle of order considers organization and balance within the landscape design. Spatial organization refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of the landscape, including the lay of the land as well as plants and structures. An analogy for balance is equal “visual weight.” The goal is to establish balance from side to side and front to back.
Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical Balance
Balance can be achieved symmetrically or asymmetrically. Symmetry incorporates the same plants and hardscapes as mirror images of one another as is found in traditional formal landscapes. In informal landscapes, asymmetry balances different features and elements whose forms, textures and colors carry the same visual weight.
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